Smoking Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Smoking, including details on cigarettes, cancer, lung, tar, nicotine. | ||||||||
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Coronary collateral circulation: the effects of smoking and alcohol.Koerselman J, de Jaegere PP, Verhaar MC, Grobbee DE, van der Graaf Y, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMC Utrecht), HP Str. 6.131, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. OBJECTIVE: The presence or absence of coronary collaterals is of vital importance during acute ischemia. Smoking and alcohol have been suggested to play a role, but data are scarce. We examined the extent to which smoking and alcohol use affect the presence of coronary collateral circulation. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 242 patients, admitted for elective PTCA. Smoking was defined as past or current. Pack years were calculated and categorized into never-smokers (reference-category): <10, 10-19, 20-29, and >or=30 pack years. Alcohol consumption was defined as past or current, and categorized into never-users (reference-category): <1, 1-10, 11-20, and >or=21 units per week (UPW). Collaterals were graded with Rentrop's classification. Coronary collateral presence was defined as Rentrop-grade >or=1. RESULTS: Current smoking (odds ratio (OR) 4.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79-9.71) was positively associated, while pack years of smoking was not related. Current alcohol intake showed a J-shaped tendency with coronary collateral presence, while past moderate alcohol consumption was inversely associated (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.04-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking and (to some extent) alcohol use are associated with collateral presence. The results support the view that life-style factors may affect the formation of coronary collaterals in patients with ischemic cardiac disease. Published 16 February 2007 in Atherosclerosis, 191(1): 191-8.
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